A law approving Türkiye's ratification of a joint defence agreement with Pakistan and Saudi Arabia was published on Saturday in the country's Official Gazette The law covers the "Makkah Agreement for Joint Defence Between the Republic of Türkiye, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia," signed in Makkah on August 7. Under the legislation, the law takes effect upon publication. Turkish parliament approved the measure with 279 votes to 119 on November 5. A total of 398 lawmakers participated in the vote in the 592-member parliament. Türkiye, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan signed the Makkah Joint Defence Agreement during a trilateral summit in the holy city on Aug 7. Read More: Pakistan pledges full defence for KSA Under the agreement, the three countries pledged to strengthen collective security, deepen defence cooperation and promote peace and stability in the region and beyond. The defence pact declares that an armed attack on one will be treated as an attack on all three, drawing parallels with Article 5 of the NATO alliance, which enshrines the principle of collective defence. The complementary roles of the three countries The agreement draws on what security analysts describe as the complementary strengths of each participant. Pakistan contributes experienced armed forces, operational expertise and strategic planning capabilities developed through decades of counterterrorism operations and conventional military preparedness. Saudi Arabia brings economic strength, regional influence and political leadership, while Turkiye contributes an advanced defence industry, military technology and industrial capacity. Together, analysts say, these capabilities form a balanced security architecture capable of responding to emerging regional security challenges.